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Discrimination of Ukrainian Citizens in the Czech Labor Market: A Field Experiment
Pasichnyk, Viktorija ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Kantová, Klára (referee)
This thesis examines the extent of discrimination of Ukrainian citizens in the Czech labor market by analyzing the results of a correspondence experiment that involves sending pre-designed resumes of fictitious applicants to job offers posted online. Each job offer was randomly assigned a Czech or Ukrainian resume, and the responses from recruiters were collected. The interview callback rates were subsequently analyzed, indicating that Czech applicants have by 72.7 % higher callback rate than Ukrainian applicants. Results also show a decrease in the callback rate of Ukrainians over time. This leads to the conclusion that discriminatory practices against Ukrainian citizens exist in the Czech labor market.
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Habitat requirements and competition between native and invasive Impatiens species
Čuda, Jan ; Skálová, Hana (advisor) ; Prach, Karel (referee)
Three of Impatiens species are widespread in the Czech republic, one is native, two of them invasive. Because all species occur in relatively similar habitats, the question is, whether the invasive species can negatively affect the native species, or even the original can can be displaced. The aim of the thesis was: (i) to compare habitat requirments of the Impatiens species, (ii) to determine if the coexistence of species is possible, (iii) to assess the impact of invasive species to the original species. The investigation was carried out using two sets of permanent plots in 5 localities. In the first set with a total of 84 plots (combinations of occurrence of the three species) site characteristics as tree cover, soil humidity, slope and bare land cover were directly measured and nutrient, light, humidity and soil reaction characteristic assessed using Ellenberg indicator values. The second set contained a total of 45 plots with one of the native-invasive congener pair being removed and the intact controls. Number, cover and height of the plants were assesed. The key enviromental factors determining distribution of the species were soil moisture for I. noli-tangere and I. parviflora, and tree cover for I. glandulifera and I. parviflora. Ellenberg indicator values had poor explanation value;...
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Website Development as a Credence Good: A Field Experiment
Appelt, Šimon ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Špolcová, Dominika (referee)
There are many markets for credence goods which have been assessed in recent economic research, including taxi services, car mechanics, health care or electronics repairs. How- ever, as no previous research inspects solely an Internet-based environment, the thesis examines the web development market as the representative of a new potential segment of markets for credence goods. In particular, the discrimination in overcharging based on gender or technical experience of a customer is assessed. For this reason, a natural field experiment was designed and subsequently, 341 Czech web developers and IT firms were approached via email to collect the proposed prices for a fictitious E-shop development contract. After the analysis of the outcome variables, the multiple linear regression model with the ordinary least squares (OLS) method was employed. The results suggest that male customers tend to get higher price proposals than women. The second implication is that customers who signalled technical experience in the email inquiry appear to get higher prices than the non-technical customers. However, the outcomes and the differ- ences in proposed prices were not significant among the treatment groups. Other factors, including the number of employees, the region where the company resides and proposed...
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Discrimination against workers with visible tattoos: experimental evidence from Germany
Jibuti, Daviti
We use a correspondence testing approach to study discrimination against applicants with visible tattoos in the German labor market. The method has been widely employed in discrimination literature, however, the majority of papers examine objects of discrimination that are exogenously given (gender, race, ethnicity, etc.). The design of our experiment allows us to study the extent of discrimination against choice-based characteristics. We send fictitious applications to online job postings in the banking sector. Otherwise identical applications differ only in the picture attached: in the treatment group the applicants have a visible tattoo. The\nextent of discrimination is measured by the difference in callback rates. We find that candidates without visible tattoos have, on average, a 13 percentage point higher callback rate, or an increase in the callback rate of 54%. Following Akerlof and Kranton (2000), our results once more highlight the centrality of identity.
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Habitat requirements and competition between native and invasive Impatiens species
Čuda, Jan ; Skálová, Hana (advisor) ; Prach, Karel (referee)
Three of Impatiens species are widespread in the Czech republic, one is native, two of them invasive. Because all species occur in relatively similar habitats, the question is, whether the invasive species can negatively affect the native species, or even the original can can be displaced. The aim of the thesis was: (i) to compare habitat requirments of the Impatiens species, (ii) to determine if the coexistence of species is possible, (iii) to assess the impact of invasive species to the original species. The investigation was carried out using two sets of permanent plots in 5 localities. In the first set with a total of 84 plots (combinations of occurrence of the three species) site characteristics as tree cover, soil humidity, slope and bare land cover were directly measured and nutrient, light, humidity and soil reaction characteristic assessed using Ellenberg indicator values. The second set contained a total of 45 plots with one of the native-invasive congener pair being removed and the intact controls. Number, cover and height of the plants were assesed. The key enviromental factors determining distribution of the species were soil moisture for I. noli-tangere and I. parviflora, and tree cover for I. glandulifera and I. parviflora. Ellenberg indicator values had poor explanation value;...
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Is Pavel Novak More Employable than Hoang Nguyen?
Kvapil, Martin ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Kovanda, Lukáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis studies ethnic discrimination in Czech Republics labour market with a correspondence test. To each of 395 job openings two simmilar résumé of fictional applicants were sent. The correspondence testing method reveals discriminatory practices at the initial stage of recruitment process. The probability for Vietnamese people to receive interview is lower than for Czechs by 12 percentage points. This finding is interpreted as an evidence for statistical disrcrimination. Questionnaire survey was conducted with 55 hiring decision-makers for the purpose of explanation employers motives to discriminate. Low Czech language proficiency of Vietnamese people was expected by employers, leading to statistical discrimination.
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Is Jakub Kováč more employable than Gejza Žiga in the labor market in Eastern Slovakia?
Tóth, Michal ; Svoboda, Miroslav (advisor) ; Babin, Jan (referee)
This thesis explores discrimination of Gypsies in the labor market in Eastern Slovakia. Using the experimental method I observe the hypothesis about discrimination of this minority in the labor market. The experiment consists of sending fictitious resumes with typical Gypsy and typical Slovak names to job offers in various fields. The results show discrimination against Gypsy minority, when Slovak candidates received 57% more callbacks for an interview. The highest rate of discrimination was in the waitstaff jobs, where employees regulary come into the contact with customers. Using an econometric model I estimated, that the chances of a job candidate for an interview invitation are about 19% lower if his resume contains typical Gypsy name. Afterwards I sent a questionnaire examining attitudes and opinions of employers on discrimination against gypsies to 190 companies in Košice and Prešov Region. Of the 70 replies in 2 cases the company representative admitted, that Gypsy name in the resume disqualifies this applicant.
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Calibration of the selected crop growth models for spring barely
Pohanková, E. ; Trnka, Miroslav ; Hlavinka, Petr ; Takáč, J. ; Kersebaum, Ch. ; Orság, Matěj ; Fischer, Milan ; Pokorný, E. ; Žalud, Zdeněk
The climate change is one of the most discussed global problems. One option how to estimate the effects of expected future climate conditions on plant production is the use of the crop growth models. Our aim was the calibration of two models (Daisy and Hermes) based on observed and measured data that were collected for spring barley (represented by cultivars Tolar and Blaník) at experimental site Bystřice nad Pernštejnem during 2011 and 2012. The onset of flowering was underestimated by an average of 1.1 and 1.6 days and maturity by 5.8 and 9.0 days using Daisy and Hermes respectively. On average Daisy systematically underestimated yields by 0.3 t/ha-1 and Hermes overestimated yields by 1.24 t/ha-1. We expect further improvement of these models estimates using the available result from the following years
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Ecological comparison of three closely related species from \kur{Myosotis palustris} group
KOUTECKÁ, Eva
The study is focused on comparative ecology of three closely related species from Myosotis palustris group. Importance of various functional traits of individual species was evaluated experimentally in the greenhouse (germination experiments), in the pot experiment and in the reciprocal transplant field experiment. Germination, production of clonal structures and response to various environmental conditions (competition, moisture conditions, etc.) were studied. The experimental data are supplemented with an analysis of phytosociological relationships of the studied species.
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